Health Program and Sociocultural Approach in Rural Communities of Ancash, Peru
Keywords:
illiteracy, air quality, community health education, respiratory diseases, indigenous, women, vulnerable populations, cultural, culturally appropriate technology, housing.Abstract
Introduction: In interventions with appropriate technologies, aimed at improving respiratory health, the precept that in rural communities their application alone solves health problems predominates. Although socio-cultural education has acquired a high priority, it is still of lesser importance.
Objective: To understand how the particularities and similarities of health programs with past and present appropriate technology impact the quality of life of rural women.
Methods: A qualitative study was conducted. Initially, three proposals were evaluated in three groups of La Esperanza: Group 1 (Improved Cooking-Educational Program), Group 2 (Improved Cooking) and Group 3 (Educational Program). Each group consisted of 15 women. Information was obtained from observed changes and field notes. In a second moment, perceptions about recently implemented improved cookstoves were analyzed, through interviews with three women living in Chamana.
Results: In La Esperanza, group 1 achieved significant changes in all variables. Group 2 maintained inadequate practices. Group 3 achieved changes in variables not linked to appropriate technology. In Chamana, due to insufficient training, women do not recognize good practices for the use of improved cookstoves and their impact on health.
Conclusions: An implementation with improved cooking accompanied by a relevant educational program is qualitatively superior. The presumption that appropriate technologies alone could bring about the desired changes is clearly questionable.
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